Pat Hanahoe-Dosch
1,956 words
����������� �The headlines in The
Atlantic City Press recently have been all about the casinos that are closing
down in Atlantic City (A.C.). So far, four casinos - The Atlantic Club,
Showboat, Revel, and Trump Plaza - have shut down, and there is talk that the
Trump Taj Mahal will be
next. Even without the Taj Mahal
closing, according to a Reuters article, that leaves
over 8000 employees without jobs now.�
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, A.C. had a 10% unemployment
rate in July, 2014, before all these casinos closed. And so the city that was
called "America's Playground" in its heydays before World War II, is once again the sandbox where only the kids who have
nowhere else to play, go.
����������� From the 1950's to the late 1970's, A.C. began a downward
spiral into a run-down, has-been city. Then in 1976 a referendum was approved
to allow gambling within the city limits, and in May of 1978, the first casino,
Resorts International, opened there. According to the Atlantic City Public
Library's "History of Casino Gambling in Atlantic City," in 2012, the
casino industry employed more than 34,000 people, not counting the people
employed by other businesses like restaurants and stores that profited from the
tourists the casinos brought to the city. According to the University of Las
Vegas' Center for Gaming Research's �Report on Atlantic City Gaming Revenue,� "From 2007 to 2013, the
industry has seen average decline rates of 8.19% (total), 8.72% (slot) and7.78
(table) per year." And despite all the promises gambling�s
promoters promised, the casinos never really re-vitalized A.C. the way most
people had hoped it would. The city�s latest motto, "DO/AC" should be
"AC/DONE" now.�
����������� I grew up in Margate, one of the smaller towns 'down
beach' from Atlantic City, which in my childhood was a place where we went to
shop or to go to the amusement park rides on Steel Pier. Adults would sometimes
go there for the night clubs and restaurants. In those days, most of the stores
were still in fairly good shape, though business was seasonal, and many were
not cheap. The boardwalk also had some expensive stores as well as the tourist
shtick. Fralingers candy store and Planters Peanut
store were two major landmarks. Some of the old hotels were still in business,
adding a kind of charm and class the boardwalk hasn't seen since the last one
was demolished in the early '80's. (To be fair, the Claridge
was renovated instead of demolished and is still a beautiful hotel.) Steel Pier
was still a great place to take kids because of the rides. It was an amusement
park. Though it burned down, later, it was rebuilt and today is once again an
amusement park with children's rides though it�s not as popular as it used to
be. There were still successful nightclubs, especially around Kentucky and
Arctic Avenues, and theaters, through the 1960's. Most had closed down by the
late '70's, though, and the rest went out of business when the casinos came in
with their own theaters and entertainment. Even the Club Harlem succumbed to
the urban decay of its neighborhood, never really recovering from the gang war
on Easter Monday in 1972 that left five people dead there. It closed its doors
for good in 1986. What is left in A.C. now, outside of the casinos and a few
blocks around the casinos, are mostly small, local bars. A few places managed
to hold on through close proximity to the casinos, like the Atlantic City Bar
and Grill, or by becoming part of the fairly new, outlet stores section of the
city, or by being near the new Convention Center, or specializing in something
unique, like the Tun Tavern Brewery, which makes its
own microbrews. A few classics continue to hang on, like The Knife and Fork Inn
and Dock's Oyster House. There are still small stores, particularly on Atlantic
Avenue, that cater to locals, but most businesses couldn't compete with the
casinos.
����������� When my mother was young, her parents would drive down
from Philadelphia to take them all to the Easter Parade on the boardwalk.
People loved to promenade there and show off their Easter outfits. That was no
longer true when I was growing up on the island, but we still liked to walk on
the boardwalk sometimes, do some shopping, and had fun on Steel Pier,
especially when we had company visiting. Today, we take company to Ocean City's
boardwalk and rides. When I was young, A.C. was also a place where the Miss
America Parade happened, and where we could go to what was then called
Convention Hall (now called Boardwalk Hall) to see things like the Ice Capades, rock concerts, and the Lipizzaner Stallions. In
1964 the Democratic Convention was held there, and a few days later the Beatles
played there. I was only three at the time, and my parents, die-hard
Republicans and conservatives, certainly didn't attend
those events, but it is good to remember that important things other than the
Miss America Pageant did happen in the city even when it was in its decline.
Atlantic City High School and Holy Spirit High School held their graduation
ceremonies at the old Convention Hall. I remember walking through the hallways
and escalators to the main hall and stage, feeling special because it was
there. It was a special night in a special place, and afterwards, we took
photos outside the hall on the boardwalk. Decades later, my niece walked across
that same stage for the same reason. By then, the hall was no longer used for
conventions - there was a much newer, fancier convention center on the other
side of the city, by the train station, just off the entrance to the
expressway. By then, we locals saw Atlantic City as a place of casinos, old,
run-down businesses and houses, housing projects, drug deals on the boardwalk,
corrupt politicians, and seedy bars. The casinos took up most of the boardwalk.
Steel Pier and Central Pier remained, but most of the stores and restaurants
were connected to the casinos and the expensive hotels along there.
����������� After World War II and before casinos, the two major
industries in the entire area, both on the island and on the mainland, were
tourism and the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical
Center (FAA Tech Center), which was called The National Aviation Facilities
Experimental Center (NAFEC), then. My father worked there, and later my two
brothers, as well. In those early days of casinos, NAFEC employees were often
given discounts at local businesses, and sometimes free or discounted tickets
to events at the casinos, especially in their theaters. But gradually that
changed. The casinos stopped giving out or discounting tickets to local
businesses or organizations, and the prices of tickets to events climbed higher.
My family and people I knew stopped going to them unless for a special
occasion.
����������� I was a freshman in high school when gambling was voted
into Atlantic City, a junior when Resorts first opened its doors. I can
remember some of my classmates talking about how they wanted to be dealers at a
casino, and how easy it would be to make money that way. Some locals were sure
that the casinos would bring more jobs and more money to the area, more
opportunities for everyone. It gave people hope in a place that hadn't had much
hope in some time. And some of my classmates did become casino employees,
either as dealers or cocktail waitresses, or other staff. But in those early
years, the casinos brought in people from Las Vegas or Tahoe for the management
positions. Years later I ran into a former classmate while I was adjunct
teaching at the local community college. He was taking classes. He told me that
dealing cards at the casinos was not what he had imagined. It was a hard life,
spent standing for hours in a smoke-filled room, dealing cards to people who
were often rude, drunk, desperate, or on vacation and thoughtless about the
people who live and work in their vacation land (a problem we often encounter
even just living on an island fueled by a tourist economy). So he was going
back to school for a college degree. I left after a year for a job far away,
but I hope he finished college and was one of the lucky ones who got out of the
casino industry before so many lost their jobs. �
����������� Many of my parents' friends grew up in the Inlet section
of Atlantic City, which was a basic, middle class (and mostly white) neighborhood
in those days. Today much of the Inlet, where the casinos that have closed down
are located, is either boarded up homes, damaged by time, gang warfare, or
Hurricane Sandy. There are a few new condominium or apartment buildings, or
even a few small housing developments, built as part of renovation projects, but
they sit in the middle of poor, low-income neighborhoods rife with gangs and
all the attendant problems poverty and racism bring to neighborhoods afflicted
with those problems. Middle and upper class families moved out of those areas
to the smaller, more expensive towns further down the island,
or to the better areas of Atlantic City closer to Ventnor. Those towns,
Ventnor, Margate, and Longport, grew more and more expensive in terms of taxes
and the cost of the houses. By the end of the first decade of the 21st century,
much of Margate and Longport had become summer residences of the wealthy, whose
primary residences were often in Philadelphia, New York, North Jersey, or even
further away. The more high end areas of Ventnor and
Atlantic City have also become summer residences for the wealthy, or places to
entertain CEO's or VIP's from the casinos and related industries. Young people
with families can rarely afford to buy a house in any of those areas, today. As
John Oakes, a resident of Margate, said, "Prior
to the legalization of gambling, the area was basically dependent on the summer
tourist season. Once Labor Day came, the locals would 'roll up the sidewalks'
until next summer. The biggest difference between those days and the present is
that back then families remained in town. Today the year round residency is below
50% in many shore towns. The schools had multiple classes per grade. Today we
have seen school closings and consolidating within school districts. My personal
take is that the casinos came in to do one thing, make a buck. Once they
couldn't make a profit, they pulled the plug and closed, leaving many people to
fend for themselves. Yes, the area has seen development, but what happens when
the people can no longer afford to stay? Hopefully the area can reinvent itself
and avoid foreclosures, abandoned homes, urban decay, and increase in crime."
����������� As the demographics of the local
population change to a larger percentage of part-time, summer residents and
short-term summer rentals, the casino industries are more dependent on tourism
for their business, both in gambling and entertainment, rather than a steady
pool of local customers, and they are even more at the mercy of all the
competition springing up in nearby states, such as Connecticut, Delaware,
Maryland and Pennsylvania. Atlantic City is no longer the only place to gamble
in the northeast. As the effects of this past recession linger, casinos are
closing, thousands are unemployed, and the economic effects of these are going
to ripple out to the other businesses in the area. Change needs to come to A.C.
in terms of urban renewal, Sandy relief, and different business models, or it�s going to spiral downward again, further.